George Mackenzie

Call: 2011

George specialises in the consenting and delivery of major development and infrastructure. He is known as a “brilliant problem solver” and for being “wonderfully client focused”.

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Practice summary

Planning

Compulsory Purchase and Compensation

Infrastructure

Rating and Valuation

Practice Summary

George is a leading planning barrister (Legal 500, 2026 and Chambers and Partners, 2026) with a specialist practice in planning, infrastructure and compulsory purchase and compensation. The focus of George’s practice is the consenting and delivery of major schemes of development and infrastructure.

His practice involves advice, drafting and advocacy at all levels. He is particularly in demand as an inquiry or examination advocate for controversial and complex projects, including CPOs and NSIPs, particularly those involving disputes in technical fields. He regularly appears in the High Court, Lands Tribunal and Court of Appeal and is well-versed in procedural matters and litigation strategy.

His clients include developers, landowners, strategic land promoters, statutory undertakers, utility and industry majors, local planning authorities and central government. He has particular interest and expertise in renewable energy, digital infrastructure, leisure/hospitality, and large-scale housing and urban regeneration projects.

George is regarded by the directories as an “exceptional barrister” and a “brilliant problem solver”. He is ranked a “top planning junior” in the Planning Law Survey 2025, and has been appointed by the Attorney General to the “B” panel of London Counsel. He is ranked as a leading junior in planning, as well as valuation and rating, in both Chambers and Partners (2026) and The Legal 500 (2026).

George is a huge team player, something recognised by the directories which describe him as “wonderfully client focused” and praise his impressive “ability to work seamlessly with different personalities in the client team.”

George is both a detail fanatic and a strategic thinker, and is as comfortable with fine-grained disputes about models, numbers or law/policy as he is with joining the dots between the strategic big picture, procedural tactics and the forensic preparation of evidence. He is known for his approachability, clear and effective advocacy, strategic advice, commercial outlook, and ability to handle complex, technical and high-profile matters across both advisory and contentious work streams.

George also advises on the land assembly, CPO and compensation/valuation issues that sit alongside complex schemes. He regularly appears in high-value compensation references in the Lands Tribunal, and is a contributing editor of Ryde, the leading practitioners’ encyclopaedia on rating.

George lives in South London with his family. He is a keen surfer and travels extensively to France, Madeira, South Africa, Indonesia and Hawaii to surf. He is a sometime practitioner of Zen and, in the winter, a cold water swimmer.

Planning

George’s primary specialism is planning.

His substantial planning practice is both advisory and contentious and covers all fields of development and investment. He has also advised extensively in respect of enforcement matters, CIL disputes, s.187B injunctions, TPOs, s.106/s.178 agreements, advertisement consent, listed building consent and hazardous substances consent.

His practice encompasses both strategic land promotion as well as appeal and statutory challenge work. He has particularly deep experience in housing, retail, logistics/distribution and data centre development (and in particular promoting these schemes in controversial appeal contexts such as in Green/Grey Belt locations and in the absence of allocations). He has promoted local plans (notably, Oxford City Council) and local plan reviews (notably, Cotswold District Council).

George is a formidable inquiry advocate (this is what he enjoys most about his practice at the bar) and also regularly appears in the High Court and Court of Appeal, mostly unled. He is well-versed in technical procedural matters and brings a commercial approach to litigation strategy.

He works for private developers, business owners, landowners, land promoters, and local planning authorities, and is consistently ranked as a leading planning junior in the Legal 500 and Chambers and Partners. He served on the Attorney-General’s ‘C’ Panel of Counsel for 5 years and was appointed to the ‘B’ Panel in 2025. He is recognised as a “leading planning junior” in the Planning Law Survey 2025. Directories describe George as an “exceptional barrister” and a “brilliant problem solver”.

George is experienced in dealing with all aspects of English planning policy and also has recent experience dealing with the Welsh planning policy framework, PPW. He particularly enjoys – and has a particular aptitude in – technical aspects of planning such as transport/highways, drainage, noise, ecology, flooding etc.

Recent examination, inquiry and hearing casework includes:

  • Land west of Church Hill, Marnhull, Dorset (5-day inquiry, 120 dwellings and 2499m2 of commercial/retail floorspace, April 2025);
  • Land at Kenilworth Road, Balsall Common, Solihull (5-day inquiry, 100 dwellings in the Green Belt, January 2025);
  • Land at Broad Lane, Holtspur, Beaconsfield (8-day inquiry, 120 dwellings in the Green Belt, December 2024);
  • promoting Oxford City Council’s Local Plan 2020-2040 (George also promoted the extant adopted local plan for Oxford City Council 2016-2036 with Douglas Edwards KC);
  • promoting and advising on Cotswold District Council’s 5yr Local Plan Partial Review and housing requirement review;
  • Land at Betteshangar Country Park, Dover (advice re. planning applications and threatened (but not ultimately pursued) judicial review proceedings for an artificial surfing lagoon, associated 120-bed hotel and associated leisure facilities);
  • Land south of Burford Road, Minster Lovell, West Oxfordshire (8-day inquiry, 134 dwellings, February 2024);
  • Land in the Beltwood Estate, Sydenham Hill, London SE26 (2-day enforcement hearing in respect of an enforcement notice which required three new-build terraced houses adjacent to a listed building to be demolished, November 2023);
  • Land south of Main Road, Curbidge, West Oxfordshire (4-day inquiry, storage and builders’ yard enforcement appeal, January 2023); and
  • Land South of Badminton Road, Old Sodbury, South Gloucestershire (4-day inquiry, 35 dwellings, November 2022);
  • Land at Oakdown Farm, A30, Dummer, Basingstoke (8-day inquiry, strategic sub-regional 26ha logistics/LDW hub and transport network interventions to M3, October 2022);
  • Land north of Crown Road, Marnhull, Dorset (5-day inquiry, 72 dwellings, July 2022)
  • Land at Station Road, Stalbridge, North Dorset (7-day inquiry, 130 dwellings, February 2022);
  • Land at Ridgeway, the Thicket, Canon Lane, Maidenhead (8-day inquiry, new c.1000 pupil capacity all-through school, parking sports facilities in the Green Belt, November 2020); promoting the West of England Combined Authorities’ Spatial Development Strategy (with Douglas Edwards KC) (2022) and, previous to that, promoting the Joint Spatial Strategy for the West of England (with Suzanne Ornsby KC) (2020).

George’s planning judicial reviews/statutory challenges include:

  • R (Walker) v Royal Borough of Kingston Upon Thames [2024] EWHC 1915 (Admin)
  • R (Fenland District Council) v SSENZ (AC-2024-LON-001087) (junior to Lord Banner KC and Craig Howell-Williams KC);
  • R (Low Carbon Solar Park 6 Ltd) v SSLUHC [2024] EWHC 770 (Admin) (junior to Michael Humphries KC);
  • Robert Hitchens Ltd v Cotswold District Council (AC-2023-BHM-000220) (junior to Suzanne Ornsby KC);
  • Royal Mail Group Ltd v Cornwall Council (AC-2023-CDF-000113);
  • Blow Up Media Ltd v SSLUCLG and Hackney LBC (9 February 2023);
  • Brent LBC v SSLUHC [2023] J.P.L. 159;
  • R (Whiteside) v Croydon LBC [2022] EWHC 3318 (Admin);
  • Norfolk Caravan Park Ltd v SSHCLG [2021] EWHC 2114 (Admin);
  • Royale Parks Ltd v SSHCLG [2021] EWCA Civ 1101;
  • Barton Park Estates Ltd v SSHCLG [2021] EWHC 1200 (Admin);
  • Henham Parish Council v SSCLG (CO/0385/2021);
  • Buckinghamshire Council v Ward [2021] EWHC 1180 (QB);
  • Adams v SSHCLG[2020] EWHC 3076 (Admin);
  • Maistry v SSCLG (CO/3170/2020);
  • R (Bertoncini) v Hammersmith and Fulham LBC [2020] 6 WLUK 174; and
  • Harding v South Downs NPA (CO/3175/2019)


Compulsory Purchase and Compensation

A major element of George’s practice involves advising in relation to the making/promoting of CPOs as well as references to the Lands Tribunal for compensation following the exercise of statutory powers to acquire land or create rights by compulsion, whether in the context of CPOs, DCOs or TWAOs.

CPOs: George advises public authorities (including statutory undertakers and generation licence holders) seeking compulsory land assembly powers in relation to a wide range of matters (housing, regeneration, transport, etc.). Clients include RWE, Voltalia, Renewable Connections, Low Carbon, Network Rail, BP and Harbour Energy. George is a highly regarded inquiry advocate and is ideally suited to cases that call for the navigation of complex and controversial CPO inquiries. He also acts for those objecting to CPOs and is well placed to offer strategic advice about how to leverage objection to CPOs to secure tangible and commercial benefits from an acquiring authority.

Compensation: George has acted in numerous references, including some with a final value (i.e. determined or settled) of over £2.5million, and his practice encompasses compensation and valuation disputes arising out of a wide range of statutory activity such as implementation of TWAOs, DCOs, CPOs, Electricity Act 1989 wayleaves, ancillary rights under s.1 of the Mines (Working Facilities and Support) Act 1966, GPDO art.4 directions as well as contractual references. Clients welcome George’s thorough knowledge of the compensation code (including the niceties of s.14 LCA 1961) as well as his aptitude for working with company accounts, balance sheets and .xlsx models particularly in cases involving business extinguishment. He has acted in many references against HS2 and National Highways. He is ranked as a Band 2 leading junior for valuation and rating in the Legal 500 (2026) and the directories praise both his “charm” and his “very pragmatic” approach.

George has acted for clients in mediations, and is familiar with ADR procedure and advocacy. In the right case, ADR can present real opportunities to all parties in compensation proceedings, and George is well-placed to advise in this respect.

George’s experience includes:

  • Advising Oxford City Council in respect of a CPO at Jericho Wharf;
  • Acting for RWE, the operator of Didcot B Power Station, in their objection, at a public inquiry, to the Oxfordshire County Council (Didcot Garden Town Highways Infrastructure – A4130 Improvement (Milton Gate To Collett Roundabout), A4197 Didcot To Culham Link Road, and A415 Clifton Hampden Bypass) Compulsory Purchase Order 2022;
  • Advising the proprietor of a well-known pub near Euston Station, the Bree Louise, in connection with a c.£2m claim for compensation arising out of the compulsory acquisition of the pub for the HS2-led redevelopment of Euston Station (settled March 2025);
  • Acting (as junior to James Pereira KC) for the operator of a motorway services area in a reference to the UTLC for over £1m in the context of the A14 Cambridge to Huntingdon DCO (settled March 2025);
  • Acting for Thurrock Council (with Douglas Edwards KC) in relation to the suite of compulsory acquisition proposed in the context of the lower Thames Crossing DCO;
  • Advising Kirklees MDC in connection with the CPO of a city centre tower block;
  • Securing a settlement of over £2m in respect of a UTLC reference concerning a blight notice served in the context of the M42 Junction 6 DCO;
  • Securing a settlement of over £2million in respect of HS2’s compulsory acquisition of land and rights over an agricultural and equestrian estate in South Northamptonshire;
  • Advising Network Rail in their objection (which was ultimately settled by way of agreement) to the London Borough of Southwark (Elephant and Castle Town Centre) CPO 2023;
  • Acting (as junior to James Pereira KC) for the claimants in Five Oaks Land Ltd v Redbridge LBC [2022] R.V.R. 13 and ultimately securing well in excess of £5million in compensation shortly before the UTLC hearing commenced;
  • Acting for Lloyds Bank in a reference to determine compensation arising as a result of a closure of a bank branch in the context of the London Borough of Enfield (Highmead) CPO 2011;
  • Advising Savills and the operators of a care home in Uxbridge in their claim for compensation for injurious affection arising out of HS2’s acquisition of the subsoil beneath the property;
  • Advising Suffolk County Council in respect of an indemnity agreement underlying a highways CPO promoted to rationalise access arrangements for an industrial estate;
  • Acting for Network Rail in respect of all of the compensation claims (brought by or against Network Rail) arising from the following orders:
  • Worcestershire County Council Southern Link Road (Worcester) Compulsory Purchase Order 2015
  • Buckinghamshire Council (A4010 South East Aylesbury Link Road) Compulsory Purchase Order 2020
  • Buckinghamshire Council (A4010 South East Aylesbury Link Road) (Classified Road) (Side Roads) Order 2020; and
  • Network Rail (Norton Bridge Area Improvements) Order 2014;
  • Advising the investment consortium delivering a major strategic extension to Cirencester in relation to complex compensation claims arising out of the diversion of 132kV electricity transmission lines needed to facilitate the development;
  • Acting for the claimant in a tribunal reference for £600k+ arising out of the Network Rail (Ipswich Chord) Order 2012;
  • Acting (as junior to Richard Glover KC) for Halton Borough Council in relation to a business extinguishment reference re. a fire alarm manufacturer that arose out of the making of the Mersey Gateway Bridge Order 2011; and
  • Successfully defending the SOS’s decision to make a CPO for a major regeneration of a housing estate in Camden: Kuznetsov v Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government [2017] EWHC 2713 (Admin). 

Highways, commons and open space

George is familiar with the technical legal framework relating to highways, commons and open space including town and village green registration, deregistration and exchange. He was junior counsel in the leading modern case on the meaning of “curtilage” (Blackbushe Airport Ltd v SSEFRA and Hampshire CC) in the Court of Appeal and High Court (led by Douglas Edwards KC). He has acted in his own right in numerous village green inquiries, commons deregistration and exchange inquiries, and his advisory practice across all areas of highways, commons, greens and open space is extensive. George has a particularly keen interest in the somewhat technical and arcane law of commons and regularly advises commons registration authorities in relation to the various contested matters that crop up under the Commons Act 2006, particularly concerning land in Dartmoor, Cornwall and Wales.

Infrastructure

The emphasis of George’s major infrastructure practice is on energy (including energy from waste) and utility projects (including utility diversions). He is thoroughly familiar with the legal and policy framework for DCOs, TWAOs, MLs and HROs and is well-placed to offer tactical and substantive advice, as well as advocacy at inquiries or examinations. George also has a sound working knowledge of many of the technical modelling tools and parameters involved in NSIP promotion, such as strategic highway models, mesoscopic demand models, area/junction micro-simulation and stochastic water resource (including drought) models.

George regularly provides advice and advocacy to bodies, investors and public authorities promoting (or objecting to) major infrastructure projects (whether NSIPs or not) and enjoys the process of working with the client and their experts to master the detail across numerous technical topic areas. The directories note George’s “ability to work seamlessly with different personalities in the client team”, an attribute that is particularly important in the context of large teams working on DCO applications.

His involvement in major infrastructure work includes:

  • Acting for a partnership seeking to co-locate offshore bivalve aquaculture assets within the Mona, Morgan and Morecambe OFW DCO Order Limits;
  • Advising the promoter of the Beacon Fen Energy Park as to pre-application procedure;
  • Acting (with Douglas Edwards KC) for 3 years+ on behalf of Thurrock Council, the principal objector to both DCO applications for the LTC NSIP, the largest transportation infrastructure project in Europe;
  • Acting (as junior to Lord Banner KC and Craig Howell-Williams KC) for Fenland District Council in the judicial review of the Medworth EfW CHP (AC-2024-LON-001087);
  • Acting (with Michael Humphries KC) for the promoter of the a 125Mw renewable energy hub in Wales in their successful statutory challenge of the Welsh Ministers’ refusal to consent the scheme. See R (Wentlooge Farmers' Solar Scheme Limited) v Welsh Ministers (AC-2023-CDF-000004);
  • Advising (with James Pereira KC) the promoters of a carbon capture and storage project, involving a proposed pipeline NSIP, in connection with land and commercial negotiations with National Grid;
  • Acting for a major landowner in connection with the A47 North Tuddenham to Easton DCO application;
  • Acting (with Suzanne Ornsby KC) for Thames Water in connection with the preparation of their statutory Water Resources Management Plan and, in particular, appraisal of two potential water resource NSIPs (pipeline and reservoir);
  • Acting for the Trail Riders’ Fellowship in their objection to the A303/Stonehenge DCO application; and
  • Acting for houseboat owners/occupiers in connection with the Thames Tideway Tunnel DCO application.

Rating and Valuation

George has extensive experience and expertise in rating and is a contributing editor of the leading practitioners’ encyclopaedia on rating, Ryde. He is ranked as a Band 2 leading junior for valuation and rating (Legal 500, 2026 and Chambers and Partners, 2026). He regularly acts (both led and unled) for billing authorities, large national companies, landowners and institutions as well multi-national entities (including Mazars, Ernest & Young Global) in relation to all aspects of contentious and non-contentious rating work including MCC/valuation appeals and occupation/mitigation/relief disputes. George particularly enjoys work that involves complex hereditaments such as energy transmission infrastructure and cement factories (both of which he has recently advised in relation to).

In addition to his substantial advisory practice, George’s rating case work includes:

  • Marshall v Bath and North East Somerset Council [2024] EWHC 2551 (Admin)
  • FC Brown Steel Equipment Ltd v Hopkins [2022] R.A. 179
  • Avison Young Ltd v Jackson (Valuation Officer) [2021] EWCA Civ 969 (CA and UTLC)
  • Mazars LLP v Jackson [2022] R.A. 155
  • Isle Investments Ltd v Leeds City Council [2020] EWHC 3482 (Admin)
  • Co-operative Group v Virk (Valuation Officer) [2021] R.A. 59
  • Newham LBC v Rad Phase 1 Type B Property Co No.1 Ltd [2020] R.A. 384
  • Buzz Group Ltd v Salmon (Valuation Officer) [2020] R.A. 292
  • Jackson's Appeal, Re [2020] R.A. 434
  • Jagoo v Bristol City Council [2019] EWCA Civ 19
  • Patel v Jackson (Valuation Officer) [2019] R.V.R. 232
  • Delph Property Group Ltd v Alexander (Valuation Officer) [2019] R.A. 233
  • Codexe Ltd v Lamb (Valuation Officer) [2018] R.A. 319
Firm Logo 1 CB 2026 UK Leading junior 2026

Qualifications and achievements

Qualifications

  • MA (Hons) Jurisprudence (with Law Studies in Europe) – Oxford University
  • Certificat de Droit Français et International - Université Panthéon­-Assas (Paris II)
  • Attorney General’s ‘B’ Panel of Counsel – 2025 (ongoing)
  • Attorney General’s ‘C’ Panel of Counsel – 2016 to 2021
  • Lord Mansfield Scholarship – Lincoln’s Inn
  • Megarry Scholarship – Lincoln’s Inn
  • Buchanan Scholarship – Lincoln’s Inn
  • Hardwicke Award – Lincoln’s Inn
  • Academic Exhibitioner - Mansfield College, Oxford

Scholarships

  • Scholarship to Oxford University – Oxford and Cambridge Society of Kenya

Memberships

Appointed to the Attorney General’s B Panel of Junior Counsel.

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